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Objective:To explore the relationship between endocannabinoid (eCB) and its metabolic enzymes and severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and to provide a theoretical basis for the study of the etiology and pathogenesis of ASD.Methods:A case-control study was conducted to collect 58 ASD children who underwent rehabilitation training at the Children's Developmental Behavior Research Center of Harbin Medical University and the provincial autism rehabilitation facility from December 2017 to December 2018 as the ASD group.According to the principle of gender and age 1∶1 matching, 58 normal children were selected as control group in Heilongjiang Province.Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to detect eCB of ASD group and control group, including anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and its metabolic enzymes: n-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) mRNA expression levels.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the level of eCB and ASD children's severity.Results:The levels of AEA, OEA and PEA in ASD children ((10.10±2.6)nmol/L, (24.30±5.60)nmol/L, (15.92±2.28)nmol/L) were lower than those in the control group ((13.46±3.04)nmol/L, (27.85± 6.89)nmol/L, (17.87±2.67)nmol/L, t=-6.612, -3.99, -4.779, P<0.01). The expression levels of FAAH and DAGL mRNA in ASD children were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant( t=2.423, 3.840, P<0.05), while NAPE-PLD and MAGL mRNA levels were not significantly different between the two groups ( t=0.024, 0.885, P>0.05). The level of PEA in the ASD group was negatively correlated with the total score of the autism behavior checklist (ABC) ( r=-0.288, P<0.05). Conclusion:There may be metabolic abnormalities in eCB and its metabolic enzymes in ASD children, and the level of eCB is related with the severity of ASD.
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Objective To investigate the correlation among fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), child asthma control test(C-ACT) and lung function in asthmatic children and its clinical significance. Methods A total of 108 cases of asthmatic children in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from June 2016 to September 2018 were recruited. Forty-seven cases (47.44%) were in acute onset, 40 cases(40.37%) were in chronic persistent, and 21 cases (21.19%) were in paracmasis. FeNO, lung function and C-ACT score were measured, and the correlation among them was analyzed. Results The level of FeNO in acute onset patients and chronic persistent patients had no significant difference:(44.18 ± 25.47)×10-9 vs. (46.98 ± 27.50)×10-9, P>0.05, but the level of FeNO in paracmasis patients was lower [(24.43 ± 10.71) × 10-9], compared with that of acute onset patients and chronic persistent patients, there were significant differences (P < 0.01). The scores of C-ACT in three groups had significant difference (P < 0.01), and there were significant differences between any two groups (P <0.01). The levels of forced expiratory peak flow rate measured value as a percentage of predicted value (FEV1%) and forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity ratio in the first second (FEV1/FVC) in acute onset patients were significantly lower than those in chronic persistent patients and paracmasis patients (P <0.01), and there were no significant differences between chronic persistent patients and paracmasis patients (P＞0.05). Conclusions Compared with lung functions and C-ACT, FeNO is a good biomarker to evaluate the airway inflammation of asthmatic children.
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Objective To investigate the indications and clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty or osteotomy for knee osteoarthritis subsequent to previous femur fractures.Methods Six patients (three male and three female) with knee osteoarthritis subsequent to previous femur fractures were analyzed retrospectively between February 2006 and February 2017.The average age of patients was 58.2± 10.3 years old,ranged from 51 to 79 years.Four patients underwent total joint replacement and two underwent osteotomy.The average age of patients in joint replacement group was 60.5±12.3 years old.The age of the two patients in the osteotomy group was 51 and 55 years old,respectively.The extra-articular deformity angle of the coronal plane of the femur,lateral distal femur angle of mechanical axis,hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) of preoperative and postoperative were determined on long-standing radiography.The mean angle of the extra-articular deformity in the joint replacement group was 17.0±7.7 degrees.The angle of the extra-articular deformity in the osteotomy group was 34 and 20 degrees.Lateral distal femur angle of mechanical axis in the joint replacement group was within the range of 87±7 degrees.Lateral distal femur angle of mechanical axis in the osteotomy group was out of the range of 87±7 degrees.The mean preoperative HKA of the joint replacement group was 161.8±8.0 degrees.The preoperative HKA of the osteotomy group was 155 and 160 degrees,respectively.Knee function was estimated according to knee range of motion and Knee Society Score (KSS).The results of postoperative hip-knee-ankle angle,knee range of motion (ROM) and knee society score were compared between the two groups.Results The mean HKA of the joint replacement group reached 176.0±2.8 degrees at one year postoperatively.The HKA of the osteotomy group improved to 177 and to 175 degrees at one year postoperatively.The average preoperative knee ROM improved significantly from 71 ± 16 degrees preoperatively to 113 ±5degrees postoperatively.The mean knee ROM of the joint replacement group was 113.0±6.8 degrees.The knee ROM of two patients in the osteotomy group was 110 and 115 degrees,respectively.The average preoperative KSS score improved significantly from 46±3 preoperatively to 88±3 postoperatively.The mean KSS of the joint replacement group was 88.8±3.0,while the KSS of the osteotomy group was 85 and 82.No bone nonunion was observed in the two patients in osteotomy group.Conclusion For patients with knee osteoarthritis subsequent to previous femur fractures,satisfactory short-term clinical outcomes could be obtained by total knee arthroplasty or osteotomy with the strict selection of proper operative indications.
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Objective@#To identify the prevalence of sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to explore the association with the main melatonin metabolite, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SM).@*Method@#This was a prospective case-control study. Children with ASD were recruited from Child Development and Behavioral Research Center (CDBRC) of the Harbin Medical University and Harbin Special Education School from October 2015 to April 2017 (ASD group) . Healthy controls were selected from five kindergartens and one primary school in Harbin by the stratified cluster random sampling (control group) . The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to investigate the sleep problems of the two groups. The patients were matched in a 1∶1 ratio for the age and sex, and the urine samples of case-control pairs were collected in the morning. The level of 6-SM was measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The student's t test was used for comparison between the ASD group and control group, and the Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation difference.@*Result@#A total of 212 ASD children (mean (±SD) age was (6.0±2.7) years, and 181 patients (85.4%) were male), and a total of 334 healthy children(mean (±SD) age was (5.9±2.6) years, and 272 patients (81.4%) were male) were recruited. Among them, 101 matched case-control pairs completed the collection of urine samples. According to the statistical analysis, the scores of total CSHQ, bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration, night waking, parasomnia, sleep disordered breathing and daytime sleepiness in children with ASD were significantly higher than those in the control group (48.2±6.2 vs. 46.6±5.4, 11.4±2.5 vs. 10.7±2.8, 1.7±0.8 vs. 1.5±0.7, 4.1±1.4 vs. 3.7±1.1, 4.2±1.5 vs. 3.8±1.1, 8.5±1.5 vs. 8.3±1.4, 3.7±1.0 vs. 3.4±0.8, 11.7±2.5 vs. 12.4±2.7, t=3.16, 3.00, 3.23, 2.76, 3.19, 1.99, 3.45,-2.72, P=0.002, 0.003, 0.001, 0.006, 0.002, 0.048, 0.001, 0.007), the level of 6-SM was significantly lower in children with ASD than that of healthy controls ((1.24±0.50) vs. (1.68±0.63)μg/h, t=-5.50, P<0.01), and the total CSHQ score was negatively correlated with the level of 6-SM (r=-0.50, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#The children with ASD were at high risk for sleep problems, and the melatonin metabolite of ASD group was abnormal compared with that of the control group. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between the severity of sleep problems and the level of 6-SM in ASD children. The results of our study indicate that the abnormal melatonin metabolism may be one of the causes of sleep problems in children with ASD.
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Objective:Through the analysis of the influence indicators of average hospitalization and comparison of differences of these indicators among different clinical departments in a hospital, to evaluate the medical quality and management level of the hospital and provide scientific reference for improving the hospital management efficiency and benefits.Methods:Gender, age and the type of medical insurance were analyzed using the chi square test. The length of hospital stay through 2009 to 2013 were analyzed using F test for patients of different insurance type and using t test for patients from different departments. All tests were completed using SPSS18.0.Results: The average hospital stay was decreasing year by year. Compared with the overall average length of stay, the patients who pay free were stay longer in hospital except for a small number of departments of internal medicine. Besides, the severe cases also prolonged the average length of stay in hospital.Conclusion: To effectively control the average length of stay, the Physicians Examination in Three Levels should be strictly implemented and the information management system should be used scientifically. Reasonable measures should be taken to solve the existing problems.
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BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) has extensive pharmacological basis for the treatment of cerebral ischemic injury, and animal experiments for treatment of brain injury by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation are ongoing. However, little is reported about the combined use of PNS and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of PNS combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation on traumatic brain injury in rats. METHODS:Traumatic brain injury models were made in 60 Sprague-Dawley rats by hydraulic shock method. Then, model rats were randomized into model group, cel transplantation group receiving bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation and combined treatment group undergoing PNS combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation. Nerve function recovery of the rats and protein expression of nerve growth factor in the brain tissue were evaluated and detected by Bederson scoring and western blot methods, respectively. Morphological changes of the brain tissue and apoptosis in cortical neurons were observed and detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Highest Bederson score was found in the model group, fol owed by the cel transplantation group and combined treatment group (Pthe cel transplantation group>the model group (P<0.05). Inflammatory infiltration and brain edema in the brain were relieved markedly in the combined treatment group compared with the other two groups, and the number of apoptotic neurons was significantly reduced as wel . Our findings suggest that PNS combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation can promote neurological recovery from traumatic brain injury by increasing the expression of nerve growth factor and reducing neuronal apoptosis.
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Objective To study the effects of different stimulators on the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs),and to evaluate the effects of the culture supernatant of activated PBMCs,named conditioned media (CM),on the proliferation of and production of MMPs by cultured human fibroblasts.Methods PBMCs were isolated from the venous blood samples of healthy volunteers and divided into three groups to be stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA group),the combination of antibodies against CD3 and CD28 (double-antibody group),or the RPMI 1640 medium containing 10％ fetal calf serum (control group).After 72-hour stimulation,CM was collected from all the three groups,diluted to several different degrees.Cultured human fibroblasts were classified into several groups to be treated with different dilutions of CM from the three groups for 48 or 24 hours,with the fibroblasts untreated with CM serving as the control group.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate cellular proliferative activity,semi-quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR to detect the expressions of MMP-1,MMP-3 and MMP-9 mRNAs in cells,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the levels of interleukin (IL)-6,MMP-1,MMP-3 and MMP-9 proteins in the culture supernatant of cells.Statistical analysis was carried out mainly by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA),Tukey HSD test,and GamesHowell test.Results Compared with the control group,the PHA group showed increased cellular proliferative activity,IL-6 and MMP-3 protein levels in the culture supernatant of activated PBMCs (all P ＜ 0.05).Significant differences were observed among the PHA group,double-antibody group and control group in the relative mRNA expression level (expressed as the ratio of target mRNA to β-actin mRNA) of MMP-1 in activated PBMCs (0.083 ± 0.016 vs.0.188 ± 0.030 vs.0.714 ± 0.104,F =85.905,P ＜ 0.05),but neither MMP-3 nor MMP-9 mRNA was expressed by activated PBMCs.MMP-3 protein was detectable in the culture supernatant of fibroblasts after the treatment with CM,and the level of MMP-3 protein was highest in that of fibroblasts treated with undiluted CM,and lowest with 1/10 diluted CM;at the same dilutions,the level of MMP-3 protein was highest in the culture supernatant of fibroblasts treated with CM from the PHA group,but lowest with that from the control group.Neither MMP-1 nor MMP-9 protein was detected in the culture supernatant of activated PBMCs or treated fibroblasts.There were no significant differences in cellular proliferative activity of and mRNA expressions of MMP-1 or MMP-3 in fibroblasts among these groups (all P ＞ 0.05),and MMP-9 mRNA expression was undetected in the treated fibroblasts.Conclusions PBMCs can be induced to express MMP-1 mRNA and secret MMP-3 protein after activation.However,the culture supernatant of activated PBMCs has no capacity to stimulate the expressions of MMP-1,MMP-3 and MMP-9 mRNAs or proteins by fibroblasts,suggesting that inflammatory cells may function through self-production of MMPs.
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Objective To find out the brain function characters of visual information integration and visual working memory with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children. Methods 1∶ 1 case-control study was used on the study. 45 ADHD children who met DSM-IV criteria were recruited as case group,45 normal children from primary school were chosen as control group. Two groups children received the test of contour-integration,positional noise, temporal order memory, pattern memory. Results The ADHD double eyes' contour integration ( ( 1.62 ± 0. 81 ), ( 1.69 ± 0.87 ) ) were significantly lower than the control group' ( (2.02 ± 1.10), ( 1.98 ±0.81 )). There was no significant difference of double eyes' positional noise between case group( (1.98 ±0.89 ), ( 2.20 ± 1.10 ) ) and the control group ( ( 2.20 ± 0. 97 ), ( 2.30 ± 0. 83 ) ). The temporal order memory,pattern memory ( ( 1.89 ± 1.30), ( 1.18 ± 0.44) ) showed significantly lower in case group(P＜ 0.05 ) than that in control group ( ( 2.98 ± 1.25 ), ( 1. 44 ± 0. 66) ). Conclusion Results indicate that children with ADHD have deficiency in visual perception and the ability of visual information integration, and have significantly deficiency in visual working memory and executive-function.
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Objective To investigate the intakes of dietary nutrients and the growth and development status among children with autism,to propose scientific basis for developing further interventions.Methods Dietary intakes of nutrients were obtained with the method of 24-hour dietary review for 3 days.Meanwhile,the height and weight were detected among the subjects;Z-score was also adopted to evaluate nutritional status.Results 1.About 31.5% of the 111 cases with autism were overweight or obesity and 8.1% of the children were acute or chronic malnutrition.2.The intakes of 11 nutrients were insufficient,especially VA,VC,VB6,folate,calcium and zinc,had a serious shortage that less than 60% of the recommended intakes.3.The crowd was widespread lack of nutrients,39.6% of the cases with nutritional deficiency in varying degrees,the incidences of calcium and zinc deficiency were reach up to 88%.Conclusions The nutritional deficiency and overnutrition were simultaneous among the children with autism,their dietary nutritional supplement were generally inadequate.More sufficient measures and rational diet are necessary to improve the nutritional status for the autistic children.
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Objective To summarize the experience with adapalene in the treatment of ache vulgaris and to provide a clue to improve the clinical use of adapalene in ache vulgaris. Methods Chinese literature over the past ten years related to the evaluation of efficacy and safety of 0.1% adapalene gel in acne vulgaris were searched and assessed. Results Combination therapy with 0.1% adapalene was more effective than monotherapy with it. The efficacy of adapalene gel was higher than that of non-tretinoin topical agents, but equivalent to that of other tretinoins. Furthermore, the incidence of adverse events was lower for adapalene than for other tretinoin formulations. Conclusions Adapalene is safe and effective for the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris, and can be used as monotherapy, maintenance treatment, or in combination therapy of acne vulgaris.
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Objective To analyse the clinical and therapeutic features as well as laboratory findings in bullous pemphigoid with non-bullous lesions as initial manifestation. Methods Clinical data on 34 cases of bullous pemphigoid with non-bullous lesions as initial manifestation were retrospectively analyzed. Results The male to female ratio was 1.83 :1, with a mean age of onset at 59.79±15.63 years. Before typical bullae appeared, patients presented with erythema, papules, papulovesicles' plaques" wheals, nodules,or erythema muitiforme-like lesions, with the most common lesions being erythematous papules and plaques (occumng in 35.29% of these patients). Conclusions Among these patients, nearly 1/3 displayed various skin lesions at the onset; simultaneous erythematous papules and plaques are the most common initial manifestation.